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Horticulture is the art, industry and science of plant cultivation. Horticulturists work and conduct research in the disciplines of plant propagation and cultivation, crop production, plant breeding and genetic engineering, plant biochemistry, and plant physiology. The work particularly involves fruits, berries, nuts, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs, and turf. Horticulturists work to improve crop yield, quality, nutritional value, and resistance to insects, diseases, and environmental stresses.

Contents

Etymology

The word horticulture is a 17th century English adaptation of the Latin: hortus (garden) + cultura (culture): it is the culture or growing of garden plants. Horticulture as classically defined is the subdivision of agriculture dealing in gardening, in contrast to agronomy which deals with field crops and the production of grains and forage,[1] and forestry which deals with forest trees and products related to them.[2]

The study of horticulture

Horticulture involves eight areas of study, which can be grouped into two broad sections - ornamentals and edibles:

Horticulturists can work in industry, government or educational institutions or private collections. They can be cropping systems engineers, wholesale or retail business managers, propagators and tissue culture specialists (fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, and turf), crop inspectors, crop production advisers, extension specialists, plant breeders, research scientists, and of course, teachers.

Disciplines which complement horticulture include biology, botany, entomology, chemistry, mathematics, genetics, physiology, statistics, computer science, and communications, garden design, planting design. Plant science and horticulture courses include: plant materials, plant propagation, tissue culture, crop production, post-harvest handling, plant breeding, pollination management, crop nutrition, entomology, plant pathology, economics, and business. Some careers in horticultural science require a masters (MS) or doctoral (PhD) degree.

Horticulture is practised in many gardens, 'plant growth centres' and nurseries. Activities in nurseries range from preparing seeds and cuttings to growing fully mature plants. These are often sold or transferred to ornamental gardens or market gardens.

Horticulture and anthropology

See also: Hoe-farming

The origins of horticulture lie in the transition of human communities from nomadic hunter-gatherers to sedentary or semi-sedentary horticultural communities, cultivating a variety of crops on a small scale around their dwellings or in specialized plots visited occasionally during migrations from one area to the next. (such as the 'milpa' or maize field of Mesoamerican cultures).[3] In forest areas such horticulture is often carried out in swiddens ('slash and burn' areas).[4] A characteristic of horticultural communities is that useful trees are often to be found planted around communities or specially retained from the natural ecosystem.

Horticulture sometimes differs from agriculture in (1) a smaller scale of cultivation, using small plots of mixed crops rather than large field of single crops (2) the cultivation of a wider variety of crops, often including fruit trees. In pre-contact North America the semi-sedentary horticultural communities of the Eastern Woodlands (growing maize, squash and sunflower) contrasted markedly with the mobile hunter-gatherer communities of the Plains people. In Central America, Maya horticulture involved augmentation of the forest with useful trees such as papaya, avocado, cacao, ceiba and sapodilla. In the cornfields, multiple crops were grown such as beans (using cornstalks as supports), squash, pumpkins and chilli peppers, in some cultures tended mainly or exclusively by women.[5]

Gallery

The Butchart Gardens, British Columbia, Canada

Cool climate greenhouses extend the growing season

Community gardens often have several horticultural practices in use

See also

References

  1. ^ Janick, Jules. 1979. Horticultural science. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. Page 1.
  2. ^ http://www.enviroeducation.com/majors-programs/agron.html
  3. ^ von Hagen, V.W. (1957) The Ancient Sun Kingdoms Of The Americas. Ohio: The World Publishing Company
  4. ^ McGee, J.R. and Kruse, M. (1986) Swidden horticulture among the Lacandon Maya [videorecording (29 mins.)]. University of California, Berkeley: Extension Media Center
  5. ^ Thompson, S.I. (1977) Women, Horticulture, and Society in Tropical America. American Anthropologist, N.S., 79: 908-910

External links

Retrieved from 'http://en.wikipedia.org/Horticulture'

Article is licensed under GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from Wikipedia.org Original article is here.


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Planters Horticulture wins prestigious BALI award for Dubai Airport Zen Gardens (AME Info)Interior Landscape contractors, Planters Horticulture, of Dubai, have been announced as one of the Award Winners in the International Award for contracts undertaken outside the UK category, at The British Association of Landscape Industries (BALI) National Landscape Awards 2008, for the Dubai Airport Zen Gardens.
Lake Land offers horticulture classes this winter (Journal Gazette & Times-Courier)Looking to spruce up your yard this next season? Have trouble picking out plants for your landscape? Take an educational horticulture class through Lake Land College.
China's Food Economy Benefits Small, Poor Farmers (Science Daily)One of the most significant changes in China's agricultural economy over the past 15 years has been the rise of horticulture.
China's food economy benefits small, poor farmers (PhysOrg)Beijing, China - January 7, 2009 - One of the most significant changes in China's agricultural economy over the past fifteen years has been the rise of horticulture. During this same time period, modern supply chains have also emerged. A new study in the Review of Agricultural Economics reveals that the recent changes in China 's food economy have contributed to an improvement in poverty ...
Haryana earmarks Rs 200 crore for horticulture (Express India)In a move that would give impetus to cultivation of horticultural crops in the state Haryana chief minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda on Tuesday said a food processing unit at a cost of Rs 67 crore is being set up at Dabwali in Sirsa district and a cold chain at a cost of Rs 8 crore will come up shortly in Rohtak.
"Go green" and garden (Gainesville Daily Register)If you want to learn more about gardening and horticulture, mark your calendar and attend the Cooke County Master Gardeners meeting at 6 p.m. Thursday, Jan. 8 at the NCTC Library Lyceum.Cooke County Master Gardener’s Incoming President Honey Easter said that she wants to get more people involved in the group. “I want people to come and see that this can be fun," she said.
Choosing the Right Bird Feeder (WROC Rochester)John Van Niel, Professor of Environmental Conservation and Horticulture at Finger Lakes Community College joined us on News 8 Now at Sunrise Wednesday morning. He spoke about sustainability and backyard bird feeders.
Reserve county garden for weddings (The Bernardsville News)The Horticulture Department of the Somerset County Park Commission is accepting reservations for wedding ceremonies and photos for the Perennial Garden, the Rose Garden, and the Colonial Park Arboretum. The fee for each site is $75 per hour.
Snowfall raises hopes of good apple harvest in Himachal (Calcutta News)Farmers and horticulture experts are hoping that the light to moderate snowfall in the mid hills of Himachal Pradesh during the past few days after a long dry spell would ensure a good apple harvest this year too.
Sponsored Listing (Growth Company Investor)Despite disappointing final results for the 15 months to last September, garden and commercial horticulture products specialist William Sinclair is worth investigating.

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Aggie HorticultureTexas A&M University combined horticulture information resources including teaching, extension, and research. Search the site with the PLANTanswer Machine.
Horticulture Australia Limited A national research, development and marketing organisation for the horticulture industry. Includes programs, news and events, statistics and reports.
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Horticulture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaHorticulture (pronounced /'hɔ:tɪkʌltʃə/ or US /ˈhɔrtɨkʌltʃɚ/ [1]) is the art and science of the cultivation of plants. Horticulturists work and conduct research in the ...

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