Ibanag
Spoken in: Philippines 
Region: Luzon
Total speakers: 300,000-500,000
Language family: Austronesian
 Malayo-Polynesian
  Borneo-Philippines
   Northern Luzon
    Northern Cordilleran
     Ibanag
Language codes
ISO 639-1: None
ISO 639-2: phi
ISO 639-3: ibg
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

The Ibanag language (also Ybanag or Ibanak) is spoken by up to 500,000 speakers (the Ibanag people) in the Philippines, in the northeastern provinces of Isabela and Cagayan, especially in Tuguegarao City, Solana, Cabagan, and Ilagan and with overseas immigrants in countries located in the Middle East, UK and the U.S.A.. Most of the speakers can also speak Ilocano, the lingua franca of Northern Luzon. Ibanag is derived from bannag 'river'. It is closely related to Gaddang, Itawis, Agta, Atta, Yogad, Isneg and Malaweg.

Contents

Sounds

Vowels

Consonants

Phonology

Ibanag is also one of the Philippine languages which is excluded from [ɾ]-[d] allophone.

The Ibanag language is distinct in that it features phonemes that are not present in many other neighboring Philippine languages. It is related to Itawis, Gaddang, Malaueg and others. As an example the 'f','v','z' and 'j' sounds. inafi - rice, bavi - pig, kazzing - goat, or madjan - maid.

In addition to this, Ibanag also features doubled consonants. Therefore making the language sound 'hard' or guttural. For example: Gaddua, Pronounced gad-dwa, meaning half. Mappazzi, Pronounced Map-paz-zi', meaning to squeeze or squeezing.

Dialects

Since Ibanag is spoken in various areas of Northeastern Philippines (namely within Isabela and Cagayan), there are also minor differences in the way that it is spoken in these areas. Ibanag spoken in Tuguegarao is the Standard Dialect.

For example, Ibanags from Faire tend to replace their 'p's' with more 'f's' Examples:

Grammar

Orthography

There are two ways that Ibanag can be written. In older texts, the Spanish style is often used. This is where 'qu's', 'c's' take place of 'k's' However, this method can make the language even harder to read. However, since the language is no longer being maintained. There is no correct standard form of orthography. So, often you'll see a combination of both.

I.E. Quiminac camit tab bavi - We ate pork.

The other way of writing Ibanag is the simpler way that tends to be more phonetic.

I.E. Kiminakkami ta bavi - We ate pork.

Nouns

Personal Pronouns

Pronoun Possessive pronouns forms Example of root word Example of derived word(s)
First person Sakan, So' (I) -ku kazzing (goat) kazzingku (my goat)
Sikami (Exclusive, Our), Sittam (Inclusive, Our) -mi, -tam libru (book) librumi (our book), librutam (our book)
Second person Sikaw (you, singular) -mu, -m mejas (socks)libru (book) mejasmu (your socks)librum (your book)
Sikamu (you(plural/polite)) -nu Bandera (flag) Banderanu (your flag)
Third person Yayya (he, she, it) -na manu' (chicken) manu'na (his, her, its chicken)
Ira (they) -da silla (chair) sillada (their chair)

Sakan/So'

Sikaw

Yayya

Sittam

Sikami

Sikamu

Ira

Possessive Pronouns

'Kua' is the root word that identifies something as belonging to someone. Often 'Ku' is added before 'Kua' to emphasize this. Note that this is only possible with 'Mine' and 'Yours' but not with other possessive pronouns.

Kukua' yatun - That IS Mine.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Locatives

Enclitic Particles

Interrogative Words

Verbs

Ibanag verbs are not conjugated in the same manner that most Indo-European languages are.
They are conjugated based on the tense of the word.

As with many other Malayo-Polynesian languages, there is no verb for 'to be'. However this is sometimes compensated by using the verb for 'to have'.

Infinitive and Present Tense

Many times, the infinitive form is the same as the present tense.

Past Tense

There are different ways to form the past tense. Here are a few common ways.

Future Tense

Again there are a couple of ways of forming future tense. One is by the use of a helping word like 'to go'.
Sometimes the present tense can indicate future depending on the context.

Sangaw

Structure

Syntax/ Word Order

Ibanag sentence structure often follows the ' Verb + Subject + Object ' pattern.

Adjectives often follow the nouns with a marker attached.

I.e. Dakal nga balay - Big house.

Simple sentences: The house is red - Uzzin y balay The red house - Uzzin nga balay

Markers

'Y' and 'nga' are the two most commonly used markers in Ibanag. They either link adjectives to nouns, or indicate the subject of the sentence.

Some examples

'Tu' is another marker that is used, but is not very simple to explain. Often it is seen in conjunction with the word 'Awan' meaning 'nothing or none'.

Some examples

'Ta' is yet another marker used.

Some examples

Proverbs

This is an example of an Ibanag proverb, that is also known throughout the archipelago.

Y tolay nga ari nga mallipay ta pinaggafuannan na ari nga makange ta angayananna.

Translated to: He who does not look back into his past, cannot reach his destination.

Samples

Cagayan Provincial Anthem

Cagayan, Davvun nga kakastan niakan,
Egga ka laran nakuan ta piam,
Nu kuruk tu maparrayyu ka niakan,
Ariat ta ka vuluvvuga a kattamman.

Cagayan, Makemmemmi ka nga innan.
Cagayan, Awan tu kagittam.
Nu anni paga y kasta na davvun a karuan
Egga ka la ta futu' nga ideddukan.

There are multiple ways of saying each pronoun in Ibanag. For example: Kuminanna - I ate, but you would never say Kuminan sakan. Apakku - I will get, but again you can't say Apanna' which would mean Get me or take me. In some occasions a simple glottal stop at the end of the verb conveys the 'I' in a sentence as in the example of Pinate' - which means i killed or turned off.

Vocabulary

Loan Words

Simple greetings

Numbers

Sentences

Ibanag Tagalog English
Anni kinam mu ganguri? Ano ang kinain mo kanina? What did you eat?
Anni kinan nu? Ano ang kinain ninyo? What did you,(all) eat?
Anni canacanam mu? Ano ang kinakain mo? What are you eating?
Anni canam mu sangaw? Ano ang kinakain mo ngayon? What are you eating now?
Cumattam sonu labbe na. Pagdating niya, kakain tayo. We will eat when he/she comes.
Maddaguk kami cuman kustu labbe na. Pagdating niya, kumakain kami. We were eating when he came.
Nacacac cami nacuan nu limibbe yayya. Kung dumating sana siya, nakakain sana kami. I (We) hope that by the time he would have arrived, we would have eaten.
Natturkí i gattó. Tumalsík ang gatas. Milk dropped outward.
Ari ca cuman. Huwag kang kumain. Don't eat.
Cumac ca na! Kumain ka na! Eat!
Cua' yatun! Akin yan! That's mine!
Iddu taka Mahal kita I love you

External references

Retrieved from 'http://en.wikipedia.org/Ibanag_language'

Article is licensed under GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from Wikipedia.org Original article is here.


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